<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586</id><updated>2010-04-26T12:34:46.319-04:00</updated><title type='text'>SMAPIS News and Paranormal Blog</title><subtitle type='html'>The SMAPIS ghost hunters have much to say about the paranormal. Read their opinions, investigation notes, findings and post comments here. If you disagree with their evidence, tell them! They love a good debate.</subtitle><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/news_blog.html'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://smapis.com/blog/atom.xml'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>12</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-6279072767559546889</id><published>2010-04-26T12:34:00.001-04:00</published><updated>2010-04-26T12:34:46.394-04:00</updated><title type='text'>This blog has moved</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;       This blog is now located at http://blog.smapis.com/.&lt;br /&gt;       You will be automatically redirected in 30 seconds, or you may click &lt;a href='http://blog.smapis.com/'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       For feed subscribers, please update your feed subscriptions to&lt;br /&gt;       http://blog.smapis.com/feeds/posts/default.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-6279072767559546889?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/6279072767559546889/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2010/04/this-blog-has-moved.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6279072767559546889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6279072767559546889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2010/04/this-blog-has-moved.html' title='This blog has moved'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-2062799183971431057</id><published>2010-04-17T18:45:00.001-04:00</published><updated>2010-04-17T18:45:53.402-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Randy finds proof</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;a href='http://picasaweb.google.com/habagase/SMAPISPhotos#5461241406159361586'&gt;&lt;img src='http://lh6.ggpht.com/_h5pBDCSPJy8/S8o6H77IljI/AAAAAAAAACM/xQKz_CR-JgM/s288/iphone_photo.jpg' border='0' width='320' height='320' style='margin:5px'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Posted using BlogPress from my iPhone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-2062799183971431057?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/2062799183971431057/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2010/04/randy-finds-proof.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/2062799183971431057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/2062799183971431057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2010/04/randy-finds-proof.html' title='Randy finds proof'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/_h5pBDCSPJy8/S8o6H77IljI/AAAAAAAAACM/xQKz_CR-JgM/s72-c/iphone_photo.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-3624346472072723572</id><published>2009-11-21T20:39:00.001-05:00</published><updated>2009-11-21T20:39:29.861-05:00</updated><title type='text'>ghost in my beer</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;a href='http://picasaweb.google.com/habagase/SMAPISPhotos#5406736600467707778'&gt;&lt;img src='http://lh6.ggpht.com/_h5pBDCSPJy8/SwiWSsD7F4I/AAAAAAAAAB0/CFXPyum8xQw/s288/iphone_photo.jpg' border='0' width='280' height='281' style='margin:5px'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Posted using BlogPress from my iPhone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-3624346472072723572?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/3624346472072723572/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/11/ghost-in-my-beer.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/3624346472072723572'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/3624346472072723572'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/11/ghost-in-my-beer.html' title='ghost in my beer'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/_h5pBDCSPJy8/SwiWSsD7F4I/AAAAAAAAAB0/CFXPyum8xQw/s72-c/iphone_photo.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-1251115526079345242</id><published>2009-09-09T10:21:00.015-04:00</published><updated>2009-10-16T12:51:11.469-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Cryptozoological Park</title><content type='html'>In my recent visit to my local Detroit Zoo, I rediscovered my lost childhood wonderment for the vast variety of creatures that walk this earth. From an egg-laying mammal, the duck-billed platypus, to the capybara, a four-foot rodent with webbed feet, there's never a shortage of the strange and unusual when it comes to animals.&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;While my focus here is on strange and unusual animals, it's not the variety found at your local zoo. I'm referring to the animals who's very existence is in question. The Yeti. The Mothman. The Skunk Ape. The Devilbird. Big Foot. The Loch Ness Monster. The Giant Worm Frog. These creatures are a twisted version of nature as we know it.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;One of the greatest feats of mankind is climbing the 29,029 feet of Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Several adventurers have perished while attempting to join the ranks of successful ascents. But some claim that it wasn't the lack of oxygen or extreme cold that folded their attempts and caused their demise. Some claim that these bundled up climbers make a tasty treat for the largest wild humanoid creature to walk the globe. The Yeti.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Yeti is the Big Foot of the tundra. Reports of its height range from five to eight feet tall. It has long reddish-brown to black fur, large teeth and long arms that hang almost to its knees. Its head is elongated at the top with a conical crown. Yeti footprints have consistently been discovered in the Himalayas since 1832. Most recently, Josh Gates of the Syfy Channel's "Destination: Truth" found and casted a 13-inch foot print in the mud.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;How have these creatures eluded scientific classification throughout recorded history? How, when eyes and cameras and awareness pry at their strife for separatism, do they remain to most a myth? The next time you're camping in the Rockies and think you see an animal that couldn't possibly exist, don't shrug it off. Take pictures. Look it up. Research it. Tell people, because chances are, you're not alone.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Post a comment to share your experiences at Cryptozoological Park.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thanks for reading,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rodger&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-1251115526079345242?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/1251115526079345242/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/09/cryptozoological-park.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/1251115526079345242'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/1251115526079345242'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/09/cryptozoological-park.html' title='Cryptozoological Park'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-3660213129046632001</id><published>2009-09-01T14:40:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-09-01T15:22:10.173-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Unconventional Forms of Ghost Hunting</title><content type='html'>Throughout my years of investigating the paranormal, there seems to be a common thread when it comes to convention; there is no convention! How do we collect and record EMF data? Where does one look for residual resonance? Should we investigate with the lights on or off? Day or night? To all of that, I must answer with a question. Does it matter? In the process of gathering scientific data, we must try methods no one else has. We need a way to break out of ruts without data, and to cross verify information. We need unconventional forms of ghost hunting.&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;My cousin, Francis was telling me about an encounter he had last week. When he got to the part about the ghost, he said, "it was unbelievable! I saw it out of the corner of my eye and when I turned to look, it was gone." There may be a scientific explanation for the out-of-the-corner syndrome.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The retina of your eye consists of light sensitive rods and cones. Rods see definition, and cones see color. The cones are concentrated mostly in the center of the eye. The further an object is in your peripheral vision, the less colorful it will seem. Therefore, given that people seem to see ghosts more often with there peripheral vision, it may be safe to hypothesize that ghosts can be seen more clearly when the color spectrum is removed from the image.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;My team has recently taken this notion one step further. We have digitally removed color from various test video and photographs with shocking results! Try it! Let me know what you find!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thanks for reading,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rodger&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-3660213129046632001?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/3660213129046632001/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/09/unconventional-forms-of-ghost-hunting.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/3660213129046632001'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/3660213129046632001'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/09/unconventional-forms-of-ghost-hunting.html' title='Unconventional Forms of Ghost Hunting'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-6050878081254059977</id><published>2009-08-24T13:42:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-08-24T14:16:47.045-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='personal experience'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='documentary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evp'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='news'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='announcement'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shadow people'/><title type='text'>Mission Drahner barn: SUCCESS</title><content type='html'>The Drahner barn investigation has come to a close and it was a quantifiable success! (See the &lt;a href="http://smapis.com/investigations.html"&gt;Investigations page on smapis.com&lt;/a&gt; for investigation details.)&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The crew have captured several convincing EVPs (electronic voice phenomenon). One in particular makes the hair on the back of my neck stand up every time I hear it. It sounds like a gruff, old man's voice saying, "I only want the most times to have it." According to the backstory of the barn, William Drahner became depressed and ended his own life. The statement is chilling because it represents William's despair in reliving this residual moment every year on October 24th for almost 70 years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other EVPs (electronic voice phenomenon) captured that night include but are not limited to:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;"No, it's not."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;"I'm Fred Drahner."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;"Uhhhhhhhhhh."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;"I tell about it on the wind." or "I talk around it on the wind."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition to EVP, the crew have captured several compelling images. Some of orbs, some mists, some vortex's and the most convincing shadow man shot I've ever seen. These EVPs and photos will be posted soon.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stay tuned!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rodger&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lead Paranormal Investigator&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;SMAPIS&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-6050878081254059977?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/6050878081254059977/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/08/mission-drahner-barn-success.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6050878081254059977'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6050878081254059977'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/08/mission-drahner-barn-success.html' title='Mission Drahner barn: SUCCESS'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-524738195570142475</id><published>2009-08-20T15:15:00.007-04:00</published><updated>2009-08-20T16:31:05.344-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='personal experience'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evp'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='techniques'/><title type='text'>The Art and Science of Capturing EVP</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evp"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;EVP stands for electronic voice phenomenon. Simply put, its the capturing of a voice on an electronic recording device that is not heard by the observers at the time of the recording.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;I first experienced this phenomenon about 13 years ago when trying to communicate with a deceased occupant of the rental house I was living in. I created a parabolic microphone out of a computer condenser mic, milk carton, egg carton, fishing line, coat hanger, Elmer's glue stick, and aluminum foil. I began asking questions of the etherial resident such as, "How did you die? How old are you? What is your favorite food?" etcetera. To my surprise, when prompted, "Tell us your name," a voice was captured on the tape that clearly said, "I don't want to." This recording was thoroughly scrutinized by industry experts with the conclusion that it was not a fake. I have since lost the clip due to a flood that destroyed the tape.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;There are several theories for and against the validity of EVPs as proof of an afterlife. Many conventional scientists believe that EVPs are merely auditory hallucination or auditory suggestion.  This is a phenomenon where a person listening to a supposed EVP will subconsciously fill in the blanks to create vocal phrases out of otherwise random noises in the environment. Some parapsychologists believe that electronic recording devices are capable of capturing the electro magnetic energy emitted by a spirit who is trying to say something. This energy is not audible to the human ear, but is transfered to the tape as voices we can decipher.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;I learned something that fateful night thirteen years ago. I learned that, regardless of how scientists interpret EVP, I know in my heart of hearts that there are spirits in that nether realm trying to communicate with us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Thanks for reading,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-Rodger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--StartFragment--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-524738195570142475?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/524738195570142475/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/08/art-and-science-of-capturing-evp.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/524738195570142475'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/524738195570142475'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/08/art-and-science-of-capturing-evp.html' title='The Art and Science of Capturing EVP'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-51892436254070166</id><published>2009-07-03T17:44:00.005-04:00</published><updated>2009-07-03T18:01:23.932-04:00</updated><title type='text'>A SMAPIS Minute: Mystery Photo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;Mary, SMAPIS psychic medium, conducts a group session to dig up answers about a mystery photo discovered in grandma's attic. This behind-the-scenes looks offers proof that the SMAPIS members don't always agree on methods of investigation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Do you have any methods of investigation likely to cause controversy among your peers?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;object width="500" height="307"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/LcM06R4vL9k&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;color1=0x2b405b&amp;amp;color2=0x6b8ab6"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/WD7-T0x9Vl8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;color1=0x2b405b&amp;amp;color2=0x6b8ab6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="500" height="307"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rate this video on YouTube and click on "Share This" above to share with your friends.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-51892436254070166?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/51892436254070166/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/07/smapis-minute-mystery-photo.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/51892436254070166'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/51892436254070166'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/07/smapis-minute-mystery-photo.html' title='A SMAPIS Minute: Mystery Photo'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-8717551767246474909</id><published>2009-05-01T22:16:00.011-04:00</published><updated>2009-05-02T00:16:21.933-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='personal experience'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='techniques'/><title type='text'>The act of powdering</title><content type='html'>Very few ghost hunters today, practice the dying art of powdering. This is the act of sprinkling baby powder in and around areas of investigation. Covering floor boards, table surfaces, and any other flat objects in hopes to track the physical movement of an entity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the dawn of paranormal investigation, many cases have been reported. One in particular involves baby powder footprints across a hardwood floor. On an investigation in the spring of 1926, Dr. Horris Buchenstein, curator of the Philadelphia metropolitan museum of natural history, placed such powder across the floor of a 1750's inn. To his amazement, baby footprints extended from the closet to the entrance on the opposite side of the room. His findings were scrutinized by various members of the press to the conclusion that indeed, a ghostly baby inhabited the old inn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My recent attempts with this technique have not been quite as fruitful, but my research is ongoing. I have been conducting controlled experiments using various powders, such as powdered sugar, baking powder, bleached and wheat flour, baking soda, Chinese 5 spice, nutmeg, comet cleanser, powdered milk, facial powder, bullion granules, ranch dip powder, vanilla pudding powder, malted milk powder, non-dairy coffee creamer, and white cake mix. I will continue to update this post as new information arises.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please share your powdering techniques and findings here.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-8717551767246474909?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/8717551767246474909/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/05/act-of-powdering.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/8717551767246474909'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/8717551767246474909'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/05/act-of-powdering.html' title='The act of powdering'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-6513563869090469373</id><published>2009-04-26T10:39:00.012-04:00</published><updated>2009-04-26T17:08:33.100-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='personal experience'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='shadow people'/><title type='text'>Shadow Hat Man</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://smapis.com/blog/uploaded_images/SHADOPPL-778446.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 171px; height: 144px;" src="http://smapis.com/blog/uploaded_images/SHADOPPL-778444.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;We all have those moments of self doubt. A moment when sound pessimism floods through our veins and we ask ourselves, "Did I really just see a ghost? Is that even possible?" And during that moment, we come to the realization that no sound, scientific principle can explain the visual, still lingering in the back of our mind; its impression, still imposed on our retina. We close our eyes and can still see it. Proof to only ourselves.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I experienced such an event last Saturday night, while working on my book. Seated comfortably in my easy chair with my tattered, papyrus notebook, fountain pen and glass of scotch on the rocks, I saw it. A blacker-than-black etherial, smokey mass, wavering in the doorway of my office. I caught it in my right peripheral vision, and when I turned to look, it vanished.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;It seemed to be an outlined figure of a cloaked man with a 1930's fedora. Although I could make out no facial details, I could sense malevolence. Even after it vanished, the pressing feeling of despair and foreboding remained for the rest of the night.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_people"&gt;Wikipedia's page about shadow people&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;they may be creatures from another reality whose "dimension" occasionally overlaps with ours, allowing them to be partially visible, or that they represent creatures that exist on a separate plane of existence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 19px; font-family:-webkit-sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Have you ever experience a shadow figure? Do you have an opinion of theory about shadow people? Please post a comment and share.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-6513563869090469373?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/6513563869090469373/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/shadow-hat-man.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6513563869090469373'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/6513563869090469373'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/shadow-hat-man.html' title='Shadow Hat Man'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-8384409036694423786</id><published>2009-04-07T22:43:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-04-07T22:58:56.596-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='documentary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='news'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='announcement'/><title type='text'>Presenting SMAPIS: The Ghost Finders, Episode Two</title><content type='html'>The Southeastern Alliance of Paranormal Investigators Society (SMAPIS) crew scours the data collected from grandma's attic in episode one. A warble picked up from the digital voice recorder seems proof-positive through the eyes of SMAPIS founder, Rodger Graham, that his grandmother is speaking to him from beyond the grave. Get the behind the scenes tour of the SMAPIS headquarters in this second installment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.smapis.com/doc.html"&gt;Watch it here.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-8384409036694423786?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/8384409036694423786/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/presenting-smapis-ghost-finders-episode.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/8384409036694423786'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/8384409036694423786'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/presenting-smapis-ghost-finders-episode.html' title='Presenting SMAPIS: The Ghost Finders, Episode Two'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6932377948449131586.post-2206246871206220189</id><published>2009-04-03T13:35:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2009-04-03T13:38:44.745-04:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='news'/><title type='text'>SMAPIS.com is live!</title><content type='html'>Hello world. On behalf of the SMAPIS crew, I'd like to announce that SMAPIS.com is up and running. There may be a few bugs to work out. If you find any, post a comment and let me know.&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;SMAPIS: The Ghost Finders Episode 2 will be released &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"&gt;very&lt;/span&gt; soon. Check back often.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6932377948449131586-2206246871206220189?l=smapis.com%2Fblog%2Fnews_blog.html' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/2206246871206220189/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/smapiscom-is-live.html#comment-form' title='7 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/2206246871206220189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6932377948449131586/posts/default/2206246871206220189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://smapis.com/blog/2009/04/smapiscom-is-live.html' title='SMAPIS.com is live!'/><author><name>SMAPIS Admin</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='05258313713094492700'/></author><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry></feed>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                